PROVOCATION

The recent release of illegal criminal immigrants from prison because of a supposed lack of funds caused by sequestration, which has not taken place, is preposterous. This despicable act by the president of the United States demonstrates complete lack of moral integrity, unswerving belief in the ignorance of the American populous to accept blatant untruths, an arrogance unprecedented by any previous holder of this office.

You as an elected representative or senator are complacent in the propagation of untruths when you do not use every tool at your disposal to spread the truth of what is occurring. “We the People” elected you in the hope you would pursue truth, sustain conservative ideas, and adhere to the constitution of the United States not waver in the face of adversity.
Where are you newscast, emails, letters informing your constituents of the truth? That this sequestration is a farce, which may well affect federal bureaucracy, but will not affect first responders in each state, nor local support of schools in each state. Every liberal media outlet as well as every democrat in government is vilifying the fact that this x amount of billions of dollars is in fact an effective rate of 1 and ½ cents of every federal dollar. Please do what we elected you to do, serve the people of this great Republic and not your own pride and personal wealth.

First  President to apply for college aid as a foreign student, then deny he
was a foreigner.

First  President to have a social security number from a state he has never
lived in.

First  President to preside over a cut to the credit-rating of the United
States

First  President to violate the War Powers Act. .
First  President to be held in contempt of court for illegally obstructing
oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico .

First  President to require all Americans to purchase a product from a third
party.

First  President to spend a trillion dollars on ‘shovel-ready’ jobs when
there was no such thing as ‘shovel-ready’ jobs.

First  President to abrogate bankruptcy law to turn over control of
companies  to his union supporters.

First  President to by-pass Congress and implement the Dream Act through
executive fiat.

First  President to order a secret amnesty program that stopped the
deportation of illegal immigrants across the U.S. , including those with
criminal convictions.

First  President to demand a company hand-over $20 billion to one of his
political appointees.

First  President to tell a CEO of a major corporation (Chrysler) to resign.

First  President to terminate America ‘s ability to put a man in  space.

First  President to cancel the National Day of Prayer and to say that
America  is no longer a Christian nation.

First  President to have a law signed by an auto-pen without being  present.

First  President to arbitrarily declare an existing law unconstitutional and
refuse to enforce it.

First  President to threaten insurance companies if they publicly spoke-out
on the reasons for their rate increases.

First  President to tell a major manufacturing company in which state it is
allowed to locate a factory.

First  President to file lawsuits against the states he swore an oath to
protect (AZ, WI, OH, IN).

First  President to withdraw an existing coal permit that had been properly
issued years ago.

First  President to actively try to bankrupt an American industry  (coal).

First  President to fire an inspector general of Ameri-Corps for catching
one  of his friends in a corruption case.

First  President to appoint 45 czars to replace elected officials in his
office.

First  President to surround himself with radical left wing  anarchists.

First  President to golf 73 separate times in his first two and a half years
in office, 102 to date.

First  President to hide his medical, educational and travel  records.

First  President to win a Nobel Peace Prize for doing NOTHING to earn  it.

First  President to go on multiple global “apology tours” and concurrent  ”
insult our friends” tours.

First  President to go on 17 lavish vacations, including date nights and
Wednesday evening White House parties for his friends paid for by the
taxpayer.

First  President to have 22 personal servants (taxpayer funded) for his
wife.

First  President to keep a dog trainer on retainer for $102,000 a year at
taxpayer expense.

First  President to repeat the Holy Quaran & tell us the early morning call
of the Azan (Islamic call to worship) is the most beautiful sound  on earth.

First  President to tell the military men and women that they should pay for
their own private insurance because they “volunteered to go to war and knew
the consequences”.

Then  he was the First President to tell the members of the military that
THEY were UNPATRIOTIC for balking at the last  suggestion.

First  President to side with a foreign nation over one of the American 50
states ( Mexico vs Arizona ).
How  is this hope and change working out for you?

THERE’S  AN ELECTION COMING UP.

I  HOPE YOU REMEMBER THIS LIST WHEN YOU VOTE!

4 July 2012

The Honorable John Boehner
Speaker of the House of Representatives
Washington, D.C.  20515

Dear Mr. Speaker:

 

I am disappointed in Chief Justice Roberts’s recent ruling on the abdominal health care law. It appears that he has ascribed to himself the rewriting of law to suit his own purposes much as President Obama does aside from what our Constitution says.

 

Further disappointment occurs in delving into the myriad of convolution this healthcare bill encompasses and embraces.

 

The appearance of those embracing this abomination in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches is similar to the actions of an individual crouching behind any smattering of cover available to wait the birth of future generations.  These individuals or entities desire to plunder, rape, pillage, abort, and otherwise destroy any vestiges of the freedoms and liberty granted “we the people” under the constitution.

 

In the opinion of my sixty nine year old mind, this court discarded “we the people” destroying our hope for honesty and integrity where our last hope lies.  The justices and chief justices of the US Supreme Court beginning with Justice James Wilson in 1789 supported the people of this great republic not the politicians.

 

It is appalling that a Chief Justice of the US Supreme court would cow down to the political aberrations of politicians bent on destroying our great republic rather than support the very constitution, which allowed his appointment.

 

Your consistent determined active legislative and personal action is the determining factor in repealing this abdominal crushing law. I call upon you as speaker of the house to rise to the occasion, put aside political gratification and act for “we the people”.  The future of our great republic depends upon our elected representatives conducting themselves first as residents of our republic and politicians secondly.

 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

 

Morris L. Clopton

 

4 July 2012

The Honorable John Cornyn
United States Senate
Washington, D.C.  20510

Dear Senator Cornyn:

 

I am disappointed in Chief Justice Roberts’s recent ruling on the abdominal health care law. It appears that he has ascribed to himself the rewriting of law to suit his own purposes much as President Obama does aside from what our Constitution says.

 

Further disappointment occurs in delving into the myriad of convolution this healthcare bill encompasses and embraces.

 

The appearance of those embracing this abomination in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches is similar to the actions of an individual crouching behind any smattering of cover available to wait the birth of future generations.  These individuals or entities desire to plunder, rape, pillage, abort, and otherwise destroy any vestiges of the freedoms and liberty granted “we the people” under the constitution.

 

In the opinion of my sixty nine year old mind, this court discarded “we the people” destroying our hope for honesty and integrity where our last hope lies.  The justices and chief justices of the US Supreme Court beginning with Justice James Wilson in 1789 supported the people of this great republic not the politicians.

 

It is appalling that a Chief Justice of the US Supreme court would cow down to the political aberrations of politicians bent on destroying our great republic rather than support the very constitution, which allowed his appointment.

 

Your consistent determined active legislative and personal action is the determining factor in repealing this abdominal crushing law. I call upon you as my senator to rise to the occasion, put aside political gratification and act for “we the people”.  The future of our great republic depends upon our elected representatives conducting themselves first as residents of our republic and politicians secondly.

 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

 

Morris L. Clopton

 

4 July 2012

The Honorable Kay Bailey Hutchison
United States Senate
Washington, D.C.  20510

Dear Senator Hutchison:

 

I am disappointed in Chief Justice Roberts’s recent ruling on the abdominal health care law. It appears that he has ascribed to himself the rewriting of law to suit his own purposes much as President Obama does aside from what our Constitution says.

 

Further disappointment occurs in delving into the myriad of convolution this healthcare bill encompasses and embraces.

 

The appearance of those embracing this abomination in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches is similar to the actions of an individual crouching behind any smattering of cover available to wait the birth of future generations.  These individuals or entities desire to plunder, rape, pillage, abort, and otherwise destroy any vestiges of the freedoms and liberty granted “we the people” under the constitution.

 

In the opinion of my sixty nine year old mind, this court discarded “we the people” destroying our hope for honesty and integrity where our last hope lies.  The justices and chief justices of the US Supreme Court beginning with Justice James Wilson in 1789 supported the people of this great republic not the politicians.

 

It is appalling that a Chief Justice of the US Supreme court would cow down to the political aberrations of politicians bent on destroying our great republic rather than support the very constitution, which allowed his appointment.

 

Your consistent determined active legislative and personal action is the determining factor in repealing this abdominal crushing law. I call upon you as my senator to rise to the occasion, put aside political gratification and act for “we the people”.  The future of our great republic depends upon our elected representatives conducting themselves first as residents of our republic and politicians secondly.

 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

 

Morris L. Clopton

 

4 July 2012

 

The Honorable John Glover Roberts, Jr.
Chief Justice of the United States
The Supreme Court
1 First Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20543

 

Dear Chief Justice Roberts,

 

I am disappointed in your recent ruling on the abdominal health care law. It appears that you have ascribed to yourself the rewriting of law to suit your own purposes much as President Obama does aside from what our Constitution says.

 

Article III

 

Section 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.  The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

 

Section 2.   The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; –to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; –to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; –to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; –to Controversies between two or more States; — between a State and Citizens of another State; –between Citizens of different States; –between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under  Grants  of different  States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof,  and  foreign States, Citizens or subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be a Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.  In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed with in any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

 

Section 3.   Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.   No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have Power to Declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

 

Article VI

 

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

 

Further disappointment occurs in delving into the myriad of convolution this healthcare bill encompasses and embraces.

 

The appearance of those embracing this abomination in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches is similar to the actions of an individual crouching behind any smattering of cover available to wait the birth of future generations.  These individuals or entities desire to plunder, rape, pillage, abort, and otherwise destroy any vestiges of the freedoms and liberty granted “we the people” under the constitution.

 

In the opinion of my sixty nine year old mind, this court discarded “we the people” destroying our hope for honesty and integrity where our last hope lies.  The justices and chief justices of the US Supreme Court beginning with Justice James Wilson in 1789 supported the people of this great republic not the politicians.

 

It is appalling that a Chief Justice of the US Supreme court would cow down to the political aberrations of politicians bent on destroying our great republic rather than support the very constitution, which allowed his appointment.

 

 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

 

Morris L. Clopton

The Constitution of the

United States of America

Preamble

 

We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect

Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common

defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to

ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the

United States of America.

 

Article I

 

Section 1.  All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a

Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of

Representatives.

 

Section 2.   The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members

chosen ever second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors

in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most

numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the

Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States,

and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he

shall be chosen.

[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several

States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective

Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free

Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding

Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other Persons.][1]  The actual Enumeration

shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of

the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such

Manner as they shall by Law direct.  The Number of Representatives shall not

exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at least one

Representative; and until such Enumeration shall be made, the State of New

Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island

and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey

four, Pennsylvania eight, DelaWare one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North

Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive

Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other

Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

 

Section 3.   The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two

Senators from each State, [chosen by the Legislature thereof,][2] for six Years and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first

Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes.   The

Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of

the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and

of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one-third may

be chosen every second Year; [and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or

otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive

thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the

Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.][3]

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of

thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who

shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be

chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate,

but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro

tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the

Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments.   When

sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation.   When the

President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside:  And

no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the

Members Present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to Removal

from Office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust

or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless

be liable and Subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according

to Law.

 

Section 4.   The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for

Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the

Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter

such Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting

shall be [on the first Monday in December,][4] unless they shall by Law appoint a

different Day.

 

Section 5.  Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and

Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a

Quorum to do business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and

may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner,

and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members

for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a

Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time

publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require

Secrecy; and the Yeas and the Nays of the Members of either House on any

question shall, at the Desire of one-fifth of those Present, be entered on the

Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent

of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than

that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

 

Section 6.  The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation

for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of

the United States.  They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach

of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session

of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and

for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any

other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was

elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United

States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have

been increased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the

United States, shall be a Member of either House during his continuance in

Office.

 

Section 7.  All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of

Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on

other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the

Senate, shall before it becomes a Law, be presented to the President of the

United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it,

with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall

enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it.

If after such Reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass

the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House,

by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of

that House, it shall become a Law.  But in all such Cases the Votes of both

Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the names of the Persons

voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House

respectively.   If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten

days(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same

shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by

their Adjournment prevent its Return in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate

and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of

Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and

before the same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being

disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of

Representatives, according to the Rules and limitations prescribed in the Case

of a Bill.

 

Section 8.   The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes,

Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common

Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and

Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the Credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States,

and with the Indian Tribes;

To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the

Subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To Coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix

the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and

current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for

limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective

Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas,

and Offenses against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules

concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use

shall be for longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the Land and naval

Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the

Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for

governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United

States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,

and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline

prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Case whatsoever, over such

District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by Cession of particular

States, and the Acceptance of Congress become the seat of the Government of

the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by

the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for

the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful

Buildings; – And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into

Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this

Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or

Officer thereof.

 

Section 9.  The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the

States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by

the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax

or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each

Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless

when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder of ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion

to the Census of Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to

the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or

from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another:

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of

Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the

Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to

time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person

holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent

of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any

kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

 

Section 10.   No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or

Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; Coin Money; emit Bills of

Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of  Debts;

pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation

of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or

Duties on imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for

executing its inspection Laws; and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts,

laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury

of the United States; and all such Laws shall be Subject to the Revision and

Control of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage,

keep Troops, or Ships of War in Time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or

Compact with another State or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless

actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

 

 

 

Article II

 

Section 1.   The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the

United States of America.  He shall hold his Office during the Term of four

Years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be

elected as follows:

Each State, shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may

direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and

Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no

Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit

under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot

for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same

State with themselves.  And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted

for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and

certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United

States, directed to the President of the Senate.  The President of the Senate

shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all

the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted.  The Person having the

greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority

of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who

have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of

Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President;

and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the

said House shall in like Manner choose the President.  But in choosing the

President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each

State having one Vote; A Quorum for this purpose shall consist of a Member or

Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall

be necessary to a Choice.  In every Case, after the Choice of the President,

the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the

Vice President.  But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes,

the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.][5]

The Congress may determine the Time of choosing the Electors, and the Day

on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout

the United States.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United

States, at the Time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to

the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office

who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen

Years a resident within the United States.

[In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death,

Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said

Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by

Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation, or Inability, both of

the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as

President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be

removed, or a President shall be elected.][6]

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a

Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the

Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within

that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any one of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the

following Oath or Affirmation: -”I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will

faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to

the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the

United States.”

 

Section 2.   The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and

Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when

called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the

Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive

Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective

Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses

against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to

make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he

shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall

appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme

Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not

herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the

Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they

think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of

Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen

during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at

the End of their next Session.

 

Section 3.  He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information

of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures

as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions,

convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between

them, with respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such

Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public

Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall

commission all the Officers of the United States.

 

Section 4.  The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the

United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction

of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

 

Article III

 

Section 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in

one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time

to time ordain and establish.  The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior

Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated

Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be

diminished during their Continuance in Office.

 

Section 2.   The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and

Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; –to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; –to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; –to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; –to Controversies between two or more States; — between a State and Citizens of another State; –between Citizens of different States; –between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under  Grants  of different  States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof,  and  foreign States, Citizens or subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls,

and those in which a State shall be a Party, the supreme Court shall have

original Jurisdiction.  In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme

Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such

Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by

Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall

have been committed; but when not committed with in any State, the Trial shall

be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

 

Section 3.   Treason against the United States, shall consist only in

levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and

Comfort.   No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of

two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have Power to Declare the Punishment of Treason, but

no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except

during the Life of the Person attainted.

 

Article IV

 

Section 1.   Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the

public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State.  And the

Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records,

and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

 

Section 2.   The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all

Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who

shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the

executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be

removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

[No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof,

escaping into another, shall in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein,

be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on claim

of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.][7]

 

Section 3.  New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;

but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any

other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or

Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States

concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules

and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the

United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to

Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section 4.   The United States shall guarantee to every State in this

Union a Republican form of Government, and shall protect each of them against

Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the

Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

 

Article V

 

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary,

shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or on the Application of the

Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for

proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and

Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of

three fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three fourths

thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the

Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One

thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and

fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State,

without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

 

Article VI

 

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of

this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this

Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made

in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the

Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the

Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or

Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the

several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of

the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or

Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be

required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United

States.

 

Article VII

 

The  ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall  be  sufficient

for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the

same.

Done  in  Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States  Present  the

Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred

and  Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America  the

Twelfth.  In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our names,

 

Go. Washington–Presid’t

and deputy from Virginia

 

 

New Hampshire

 

John Langdon

Nicholas Gilman

 

Massachusetts                          

 

Nathaniel Gorham

Rufus King

 

Connecticut

 

Wm. Saml. Johnson

Roger Sherman

 

New York

 

Alexander Hamilton

 

New Jersey

 

Wil: Livingston

David Brearley

Wm. Paterson

Jona: Dayton

 

Pennsylvania

 

B. Franklin

Thomas Mifflin

Robt Morris

Geo. Clymer

Thos. FitzSimons

Jared Ingersoll

James Wilson

Gouv Morris

 

DelaWare

 

Geo: Read

Gunning Bedfordjun

John Dickinson

Richard Bassett

Jaco: Broom

 

 

Maryland

 

James McHenry

Dan of St. Thos. Jenifer

Danl Carroll

 

Virginia

 

John Blair–

James Madison Jr.

 

North Carolina

 

Wm. Blount

Hu Williamson

Richd. Dobbs Spaight

 

South Carolina

 

J. Rutledge

Charles Cotesworth Pickney

Charles Pinckney

Pierce Butler

 

 

Georgia

 

William Few

Abr Baldwin

 

Attest William Jackson Secretary

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amendments to the

Constitution Of The

United States of Americas

 

Articles in Addition To, And Amendment Of The Constitution Of The United States Of America, Proposed By Congress, And Ratified By The Legislatures of the Several States, Pursuant To The Fifth Article Of The Original Constitution.

 

Amendment I[8]

 

Congress  shall make no Law respecting an establishment of  religion,  or

prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,  or

of  the  press;  or  the right of the people peaceable  to  assemble,  and  to

petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

 

Amendment II

 

A  well  regulated  Militia, being necessary to the Security  of  a  free

State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

 

Amendment III

 

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the

consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed  by

law.

 

Amendment IV

 

The  right of the people to be secure in their persons,  houses,  papers,

and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be

violated,  and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported  by

Oath or Affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and

the persons or things to be seized.

 

Amendment V

 

No  person shall be held to answer for a capital, or  otherwise  infamous

crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in  cases

arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual Service

in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the  same

offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in

any  criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived  of  life,

liberty,  or property, without due process of law; nor shall private  property

be taken for public use, without just compensation.

 

Amendment VI

 

In  all  criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the  right  to  a

speedy  and  public  trial, by an impartial jury of  the  State  and  district

wherein  the crime shall have been committed, which district shall  have  been

previously  ascertained by Law, and to be informed of the nature and cause  of

the  accusation;  to  be confronted with the witnesses against  him;  to  have

compulsory  process  for  obtaining witnesses in his favor, and  to  have  the

assistance of counsel for his defence.

 

Amendment VII

 

In  Suits  at  common Law, where the value in  controversy  shall  exceed

twenty  dollars,  the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and  no  fact

tried  by  a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court  of  the  United

States, than according to the rules of the common Law.

 

Amendment VIII

 

Excessive  bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines  imposed,  nor

cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

 

Amendment IX

 

The  enumeration  in the Constitution, of certain rights,  shall  not  be

construed to deny or disparage others retained by people.

 

Amendment X

 

The  powers not delegated to the United States by the  Constitution,  nor

prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to

the people.

 

Amendment XI[9]

 

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to  extend

to  any  suit  in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against  one  of  the

United  States  by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens  of  any  foreign

State.

 

Amendment XII[10]

 

The  Electors shall meet in their respective States, and Vote  by  ballot

for  President  and  Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall  not  be  an

inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots

the  person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the  person  voted

for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted

for  as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of  the

number  of  votes  for each, which lists they shall  sign  and   certify,  and

transmit  sealed to the seat of government of the United States,  directed  to

the  President  of  the Senate;–The President of the  Senate  shall,  in  the

presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates

and the votes shall then be counted;–The person having the greatest number of

votes  for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority  of

the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such a majority,

then  from the Persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three  on  the

List  of  those voted for as President, the  House  of  Representatives  shall

choose immediately, by ballot, the President.  But in choosing the  President,

the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State  having

one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members  from

two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be  necessary

to a choice.  [And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President

whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of

March  next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President,  as  in

the  Case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.--][11]

The  person  having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President,  shall  be

Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of  Electors

appointed, and if no person have a Majority, then from the two highest numbers

on  the  List, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a  quorum  for  the

purpose  shall  consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators,  and  a

majority  of the whole Number shall be necessary to a choice.  But  no  Person

constitutionally  ineligible to the Office of President shall be  eligible  to

that of Vice-President of the United States.

 

Amendment XIII[12]

 

Section 1.  Neither  slavery nor involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a

punishment  for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,  shall

exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

 

Section 2.  Congress  shall  have power  to  enforce  this  article  by

appropriate legislation.

 

Amendment XIV[13]

Section 1.   All persons born or naturalized in the United  States,  and

subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and  of

the  State wherein they reside.  No State shall make or enforce any Law  which

shall  abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United  States;

nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,  without

due  process or Law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the  equal

protection of the Laws.

 

Section 2.  Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States

according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in

each  State, excluding Indians not taxed.  But the when the right to  vote  at

any  election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice  President  of

the  United  States, Representatives in Congress, the executive  and  judicial

officers  of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied  to

any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,  and

citizens   of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged,  except   for

participation  in  rebellion,  or other crime,  the  basis  of  representation

therein  shall  be  reduced in the proportion which the number  of  such  male

citizens  shall bear to the whole Number of male Citizens twenty-one years  of

age in such State.

 

Section 3.  No person shall be a Senator or Representative in  Congress,

or  elector  of  President and Vice President, or hold any  office,  civil  or

military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having  previously

taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States,

or  as  a  member of any State Legislature, or as  an  executive  or  judicial

officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States,  shall

have  engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given  aid  or

comfort  to the enemies thereof.  But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds  of

each House, remove such disability.

 

Section 4.   The  validity  of the public debt  of  the  United  States,

authorized  by  law,  including Debts incurred for  payment  of  pensions  and

bounties  for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not  be

questioned.   But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or  pay

any  debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or  rebellion  against

the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but

all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

 

Section 5.   The Congress shall have power to  enforce,  by  appropriate

legislation, the provisions of this article.

 

 

Amendment XV[14]

 

Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall  not

be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race,

color, or previous condition of servitude.

 

Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce  this  article  by

appropriate legislation.

 

Amendment XVI[15]

 

The  Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes,  from

whatever  source derived, without apportionment among the several States,  and

without regard to any census or enumeration.

 

Amendment XVII[16]

 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.  The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for the electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

 

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

 

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

 

Amendment XVIII[17]

 

[Section 1.   After one year from the ratification of  this  article  the

manufacture,  sale,  or  transportation of intoxicating  liquors  within,  the

importation  thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the  United  States

and all territory Subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is

hereby prohibited.

 

Section 2.   The Congress and the several States shall  have  concurrent

power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

 

Section 3.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have  been

ratified  as  an  amendment to the Constitution by  the  legislatures  of  the

several  States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from  the

date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.]

 

Amendment XIX[18]

 

The Right of Citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on the account of sex.

 

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

 

Amendment XX[19]

 

Section 1.  The terms of the President and Vice President shall  end  at

noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives

at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have

ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors

shall then begin.

 

Section 2.  The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and

such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall

by law appoint a different day.

 

Section 3.  If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the

President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall

become  President.  If a President shall not have been chosen before the  Time

fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have

failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President  until

a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the

case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have

qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which

one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly

until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

 

Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of

any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a

President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for

the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a

Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

 

Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take Effect on the 15th day of October

following the ratification of this article.

 

Section 6.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have  been

ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-

fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its

submission.

 

Amendment XXI[20]

 

Section 1.  The eighteen article of amendment to the Constitution of the

United States is hereby repealed.

 

Section 2.  The transportation or importation into any State, Territory,

or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxication

liquors, in violation of the laws thereof is hereby prohibited.

 

Section 3.  This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have  been

ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several

States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of

the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

 

Amendment XXII[21]

 

 

Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President

more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted

as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was

elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once.

But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President

when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any

person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President,

during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the

office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

 

Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been

ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

 

 

Amendment XXIII[22]

 

Section 1.   The  District constituting the seat of  Government  of  the

United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:

A  number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the  whole

number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would

be  entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least  populous

State;  they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States,  but  they

shall  be considered, for the purposes of the election of President  and  Vice

President,  to  be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet  in  the

District  and  perform  such  duties as provided by  the  twelfth  article  of

amendment.

 

Section 2.  The Congress shall have power to enforce  this  article  by

appropriate Legislation.

 

Amendment XXIV[23]

 

Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote  in  any

primary  or other election for President or Vice President, for  electors  for

President  or  Vice President, or for Senator or Representative  in  Congress,

shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of

failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

 

Section 2.  The Congress shall have Power to enforce  this  article  by

appropriate legislation.

 

Amendment XXV[24]

 

Section 1.  In Case of the removal  of the President from office  or  of

his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

 

Section 2.  Whenever  there  is a vacancy in the  office  of  the  Vice

President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office

upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

 

Section 3.  Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore

of  the  Senate and the Speaker of the House of  Representatives  his  written

declaration  that  he  is unable to discharge the powers  and  duties  of  his

office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the  contrary,

such  powers  and duties shall be discharged by the Vice president  as  Acting

President.

 

Section 4.  Whenever the Vice President and a majority  of  either  the

principal  officers  of  the executive Departments or of such  other  body  as

Congress  may  by law provide, transmit to the President pro  tempore  of  the

Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  their  written

declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of

his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and  duties

of the office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore  of

the  Senate  and  the  Speaker of the House  of  Representatives  his  written

declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of

his  office unless the Vice President and a majority of either  the  principal

officers of the executive department or such other body as Congress may by law

provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the  Senate

and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that

the  President  is unable to discharge the powers and duties  of  his  office.

Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours

for  that purpose if not in Session.  If the Congress, within twenty-one  days

after  receipt  of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is  not  in

Session,  within  twenty-one  days after Congress  is  required  to  assemble,

determines  by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable  to

discharge  the  powers  and duties of his office,  the  Vice  President  shall

continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

 

Amendment XXVI[25]

 

Section 1.  The right of citizens of the United States who are 18  years

of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United  States

or by any State on account of age.

 

Section 2.   The Congress shall have power to enforce  this  article  by

appropriate legislation.

January 4, 2011

Political Correctness a Cancer on America
by Morris L. Clopton

I am a sixty-seven year old white male retired from the US Army and a second career with a Large Defense contractor. I have a Master of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science, and an Associate of Arts degree. My professions allowed me to travel throughout Europe, Middle East and Far East enjoying the cultural and culinary treasures of the world.
The experiences of my life cause me to know without a doubt that America is the best place in the world to grow from birth to adulthood. These same experiences and education enable me to see the decline of the greatest nation in the world through the cancer of political correctness. I challenge each of you to look at your daily life and the life of those around you and find ways to improve our nation. We live in constant fear of offending someone through word or action. However if you profess Christianity as a follower of Jesus Christ you can be denigrated, mocked, in every form of media as well as our own president with no regard for truth or decency. Yet our elected representatives consider themselves elitist, passing laws that affect you and me but not our elected representatives. Why do we meekly accept this hideous practice and not strongly express our disgust with these policies. Your representatives have excellent health care, expensive offices, and travel freely on our military transportation and shun any real contact with the people they are elected to represent.

The terms of addressing or speaking about persons of color have evolved from derogatory terms to the apathetic term of African American. To me the term African American signifies that the individual does not consider himself or herself to be deserving of called an American. I am not suggesting that we revert to the derogatory terms of the 1700-early 1900’s however the term black, or person of color is not derogatory. My thought is that if you are so enamored with Africa then move there to live. If you choose rather to live in America and enjoy the immense opportunities and benefits of living in the greatest nation in the world then be proud to be an American and support it. You are an American first and then whatever ethnic background of your ancestors. Your live in the greatest country in the world, have more freedoms, rights and liberties than anywhere else in the world. Encompass America, not some distant land where no freedoms or liberties exist. We do not degenerate any other ethnic race except Negro with the un-American term that describes them as something less than American

Religious freedom is another of the great freedoms granted by the Article one of the constitution of the United States. The constant maligning of Christians by the media, politicians, and Hollywood is accepted and even expected, but say anything about Islam or Muslims and everyone starts apologizing. American citizens are subject to police state actions by our present government as we attempt to travel or exercise our constitutional rights. Our government violates our bodies, tramples our fourth amendment rights and we stand by like dumb sheep. Where are the Christians, why are their tongues silent, why is their letter writing non-existent, why are their phone calls to congressional representatives and senators never made? It is your responsibility to hold your congressional representative, senators and president to account for their actions. There should not be a thought of the silent majority accomplishing anything. Call, write, fax, visit your congressional representatives and senators assure that they know your thoughts on their actions.

Do you ever express your concerns with the consistent pampering of known enemies of our nation by a fearful government? Are you amazed at the voluminous diatribes aimed at our nation by radical Muslims? Our government states that they can do cavity searches of American citizens but are willing to give Muslims a pass because it might offend them. What about demeaning and offending the Americans who built this country with their sweat and money? Where is the outrage over damning Christians and our Christian nation? It is time to demand that your congressional representative and senators stand up and support the constitution of the United States and that the President of the United States protect our borders against all enemies.
Politics is becoming a four-letter word with the connotation of evil, greed, corruption, and self-effacing, self-elevating group of individuals unaware of the world outside the DC beltway. Do you question whether your congressional representative or senator has read the Declaration of Independence or Constitution of the United States since high school civics class? I think it is great that our 112th congress is going to read the U.S. Constitution aloud in the House of Representatives when they convene.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.”

Do you understand and hold our government to reality of why they are elected and what their purpose in government is? Do not shun your responsibility and right as a citizen of America to stay informed and be active in the running of your nation by holding your elective representatives responsible for their actions. The label of Democrat, Republican or Libertarian you attach to yourself does not matter what matters is the saving of our rapidly dissolving Republic the United States of America.

Morris L. Clopton

ABOUT THE FAIRTAX:

“The FairTax will not be enforceable and evasion will be rampant”

The truth: More than 80% of all tax returns are eliminated under the FairTax–every individual filing. What remains are retail outlets collecting the FairTax. Of these, 80 percent of all retail sales now occur at large retail chains like Wal-Mart. The point is oversight will still reside under the Treasury Department but the government’s responsibility will be over a far smaller “universe” of tax collection points making compliance oversight far less costly and far more effective than the current system which costs $265 billion a year in compliance costs and still comes up $350 billion a year short of what is owed.

Read more information about compliance in the FairTax white paper: FairTax Reduces Complexity, Compliance Costs and Noncompliance.

“The FairTax will not be revenue neutral (i.e. bring in the same revenue as the current system) at 23%”

The truth: The FairTax rate of 23% (when calculated inclusively like income tax rates) has been thoroughly researched to provide all the revenues now collected under both the income tax system and through FICA payroll taxes. Reports otherwise are largely based on the President’s Advisory Panel on Tax Reform which declared the rate would have to be much higher. What the Panel failed to make clear in an amazingly shameless sleight-of-hand is that they never studied the FairTax legislation as it exists in pending legislation. They ignored $22 million of FairTax research and, instead, quietly devised their own national consumption tax which they loaded with the exemptions and deductions they felt were “politically realistic”. They also failed to calculate the effects of elimination of the FICA tax on annual taxpayer burdens or on the distributional effects of the FairTax across the income spectrum. Upon completion–and after declaring a national consumption tax flawed–they then refused to publish their underlying assumptions.

For more information on this topic, see these research papers.

* Taxing Sales Under the FairTax – What Rate Works?
* A Comparison of the FairTax Base and Rate
* Comparing Average and Marginal Tax Rates under the FairTax and the Current System of Federal Taxation

“The FairTax is not politically viable”

The truth: Great public policy changes do not happen easily. We believe, however, in the promise of the Founding Fathers that this is a nation, “of, by and for the people”. In the last year we have seen more Congressional co-sponsors come on board faster than ever before. We have seen five of eight GOP candidates and one Democratic candidate embrace the FairTax. With increased media coverage, as at least one candidate has made this a central plank of his campaign, more and more Americans have come to understand the powerful benefits the FairTax offers the nation. They are, in turn, joining our growing citizen army and are beginning to communicate their wishes to their elected officials. All of this progress is a consequence of the body politic first learning about and then accepting the FairTax. As our ranks grow such pressure will increase on Members of Congress and at some point, the voice of the people will eclipse the voices of the relatively small number of Washingtonians who profit working the income tax system at great cost to the nation. Enactment of the FairTax will require an activist citizenry and a resurgence of what has been too often forgotten–public policy can and should be driven by the public. All that is required is that we all dare to be fair and remind our elected officials that they work for their constituents–not for the narrow self-interests of the tax writing committee, the lucrative tax lobby business or the academicians who have built careers around the complexity of the tax code.

For more information on this topic, see these research papers:

* Tax Administration and Collection Costs
* A Macroeconomic Analysis of the FairTax Proposal
* An Open Letter to the President, the Congress and the American People
* Fiscal Federalism – The National FairTax and the States

“The FairTax is regressive and shifts the tax burden onto lower and middle income people”

The truth: The FairTax actually eliminates and reimburses all federal taxes for those below the poverty line. This is accomplished through the universal prebate and by eliminating the highly regressive FICA payroll tax. Today, low and moderate income Americans pay far more in FICA taxes than income taxes. Those spending at twice the poverty level pay a FairTax of only 11.5 percent — a rate much lower than the income and payroll tax burden they bear today. Meanwhile, the wealthy pay the 23 percent retail sales tax on their retail purchases.

Under the federal income tax, slow economic growth and recessions have a disproportionately adverse impact on lower-income families. Breadwinners in these families are more likely to lose their jobs, are less likely to have the resources to weather bad economic times, and are more in need of the initial employment opportunities that a dynamic, growing economy provides. Retaining the present tax system makes economic progress needlessly slow and frustrates attempts at upward mobility through hard work and savings, thus harming low-income taxpayers the most.

In contrast, the FairTax dramatically improves economic growth and wage rates for all, but especially for lower-income families and individuals. In addition to receiving the monthly FairTax prebate, these taxpayers are freed from regressive payroll taxes, the federal income tax, and the compliance burdens associated with each. They pay no more business taxes hidden in the price of goods and services, and used goods are tax free.

How can the FairTax generate lower net tax rates for everyone and still pay for the same real government expenditures? The answer is two-fold. Firstly, the tax base is dramatically widened by including consumer spending from the underground economy (estimated at $1.5 trillion annually), and by including illegal immigrants, those who escape their fair share today through loopholes and gimmicks. In addition, 40 million foreign tourists a year will become American taxpayers as consumers here. Secondly, not everyone’s average net tax burden falls. For households whose major economic resource is accumulated wealth, the FairTax will deliver a net tax hike compared to the current system.

Consider, for example, your typical billionaire, of which America now has more than 400. These fortunate few are invested primarily in equities on which they pay taxes at a 15 percent rate, whether their income comes in the form of capital gains or dividends. In addition to having the income from their wealth taxed at a low rate, the principal of their wealth is completely untaxed either directly or indirectly. Assuming they and their heirs spend only the income earned on the wealth each year, the tax rate today is 15 percent. In contrast, under the FairTax, the effective tax rate is 23 percent. Hence, the very wealthy will pay more taxes when the FairTax is enacted. In a nutshell, those who spend more will pay more but low, moderate and middle income taxpayers will benefit from the greatest gains in reduced tax liabilities.

For more information on this topic, see Why the FairTax Will Work.

9 September 2010

Failed Economics!

Dear Mr. President,

It is evident that you must have failed high school economics and if you did go to college, you failed economics there. Freshmen in high school learn that you cannot borrow your way out of debt nor can you spend your way out of debt. Cotton candy economics does not create jobs, lowering taxes does.

It is obvious that you have no moral integrity demonstrated by raping future generations of our nation of their potential earnings.  Your recent vomiting of 50 Billion dollars of our future generation’s money for your union cronies with the promise of useless projects that will create jobs is revolting to Americans.  Are there any of your cabinet, Czars and other parasites working for you that passed economics?  The coupling of you, Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid demonstrate abysmal failure in working to improve the lifestyle of the American people.

It is strange to me that you spew rhetoric about the bad rich people while you enjoy the millions you make.  You are part of the rich you want to destroy.  Where are you going to get your money when you destroy those hard working entrepreneurs who are creating products and providing jobs for millions?  Do you plan to live in America after you destroy the very fabric of our society by demeaning our ancestors and the documents they created to form this Republic?  Are you only going to take from others to give to the homeless, the unemployed, and the hungry and desperate will you give of your personal millions with them?

Surely, you are aware that our ancestors left England because of oppression and denial of personal freedoms.  Government is not the answer personal initiative is the answer. Open your eyes Mr. President and look at reality your programs and policies are destroying the greatest country in the world.

Mr. President please perform your job, according to the oath you took: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:

Article I, Section 1, US Constitution

-”I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

Nothing implied allows you to destroy or abolish the constitution.

Sincerely,

Morris L. Clopton